Follow Configuring Palo Alto Firewall in Virtual Wire mode is quite easy, in this post using below topology I am going to demonstrate how to configure a Palo Alto Networks Firewall in Virtual Wire or V-Wire mode. You could see from the above topology, we have a laptop with an IP Address 192.168.1.156 in VLAN 20 placed in the trust zone trying to access an internet in the untrust zone.
The laptop is configured with a default gateway 192.168.1.1 which happens to the IP address of our Internet Router and this is in untrust zone and belongs to VLAN 1. We have a Palo Alto Firewall with two interfaces connected to a Cisco Switch. One interface,ethernet 1/2 connected to interface G1/0/2 in a Cisco Switch, configured as a part of V-Wire with VLAN 20 and this belongs to trust zone.
The factory default configuration places e1/1 and e1/2 into a virtual wire. Keep this configuration and configure e1/3 as Tap mode. Go to Network tab Zones. Create a new zone, zone type of Tap. Give it a name (example, tapzone, intranetzone, etc).
Go to Network Interfaces. Select the interface to be configured for Tap. In this example, e1/1 is used. Edit the interface and change the type to Tap. Then, assign the zone created in step 1. Go to Policies Security Rules.
Create a single rule and select the zone created in step 1 for the source and destination zone. For example:. Name = TAPAllow. Source zone = TapZone. Destination zone = TapZone. Rule: any any any any any action = allow. Optionally, create a threat profile (antivirus, spyware, etc.) and assign it to the rule: owner: jnguyen.
Installation Steps For Virtual Wire Mode Evaluation Definition For Kids
A virtual wire deployment simplifies firewall installation and configuration because you can insert the firewall into an existing topology without assigning MAC or IP addresses to the interfaces, redesigning the network, or reconfiguring surrounding network devices. The virtual wire supports blocking or allowing traffic based on virtual LAN (VLAN) tags, in addition to supporting security policy rules, App-ID, Content-ID, User-ID, decryption, LLDP, active/passive and active/active HA, QoS, zone protection (with some exceptions), DoS protection, and NAT. Different firewall models provide various numbers of copper and fiber optic ports, which operate at different speeds. A virtual wire can bind two Ethernet ports of the same type (both copper or both fiber optic), or bind a copper port with a fiber optic port. By default, the Link Speed of copper ports on the firewall is set to auto, which means the firewall automatically negotiates their speed and transmission mode ( Link Duplex). When you, you can also select a specific Link Speed and Link Duplex but the values for these settings must be the same for both ports in any single virtual wire. Virtual wire interfaces can use to discover neighboring devices and their capabilities, and LLDP allows neighboring devices to detect the presence of the firewall in the network.
LLDP makes troubleshooting easier especially on a virtual wire, where the firewall would typically go undetected by a ping or traceroute passing through the virtual wire. LLDP provides a way for other devices to detect the firewall in the network. Without LLDP, the presence of a firewall through the virtual wire link is practically undetectable to all network management systems. VLAN tags —The example in shows an ISP using virtual wire subinterfaces with VLAN tags to separate traffic for two different customers. VLAN tags in conjunction with IP classifiers (address, range, or subnet) — The following example shows an ISP with two separate virtual systems on a firewall that manages traffic from two different customers. On each virtual system, the example illustrates how virtual wire subinterfaces with VLAN tags and IP classifiers are used to classify traffic into separate zones and apply relevant policy for customers from each network. Virtual Wire Subinterface Workflow Configure two Ethernet interfaces as type virtual wire, and assign these interfaces to a virtual wire.
Create subinterfaces on the parent Virtual Wire to separate CustomerA and CustomerB traffic. Make sure that the VLAN tags defined on each pair of subinterfaces that are configured as virtual wire(s) are identical. This is essential because a virtual wire does not switch VLAN tags. Create new subinterfaces and define IP classifiers.
This task is optional and only required if you wish to add additional subinterfaces with IP classifiers for further managing traffic from a customer based on the combination of VLAN tags and a specific source IP address, range or subnet. You can also use IP classifiers for managing untagged traffic. To do so, you must create a subinterface with the vlan tag “0”, and define sub-interface(s) with IP classifiers for managing untagged traffic using IP classifiers. When traffic enters the firewall from CustomerA or CustomerB, the VLAN tag on the incoming packet is first matched against the VLAN tag defined on the ingress subinterfaces. In this case, for CustomerA, there are multiple subinterfaces that use the same VLAN tag.
Hence, the firewall first narrows the classification to a subinterface based on the source IP address in the packet. The policies defined for the zone are evaluated and applied before the packet exits from the corresponding subinterface.
Configure a Virtual Wire Configure the first virtual wire interface. Select Network Interfaces Ethernet and select an interface you have cabled ( ethernet1/3 in this example). Set the Interface Type to Virtual Wire and click OK.
Attach the interface to a virtual wire object. While still on the same Ethernet interface, on the Config tab, select Virtual Wire and click New Virtual Wire.
Enter a Name for the virtual wire object. For Interface1, select the interface you just configured ( ethernet1/3). (Only interfaces configured as virtual wire interfaces appear in the drop-down.) For Tag Allowed, enter 0 to indicate untagged traffic (such as BPDUs and other Layer 2 control traffic) is allowed. The absence of a tag implies tag 0. Enter additional allowed tag integers or ranges of tags, separated by commas (default is 0; range is 0 to 4,094).
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Select Multicast Firewalling if you want to be able to apply security policy rules to multicast traffic going across the virtual wire. Otherwise, multicast traffic is transparently forwarded across the virtual wire. Select Link State Pass Through so the firewall can function transparently. When the firewall detects a link down state for a link of the virtual wire, it brings down the other interface in the virtual wire pair. Thus, devices on both sides of the firewall see a consistent link state, as if there were no firewall between them. If you don’t select this option, link status is not propagated across the virtual wire. Click OK to save the virtual wire object.
Determine the link speed of the virtual wire interface. While still on the same Ethernet interface, select Advanced and note or change the Link Speed.
The port type determines the speed settings available in the drop down. By default, copper ports are set to auto negotiate link speed. Both virtual wire interfaces must have the same link speed. Click OK to save the Ethernet interface.
Installation Steps For Virtual Wire Mode Evaluation Definition Dictionary
Configure the second virtual wire interface. Repeat the preceding steps to configure the second interface ( ethernet1/4 in this example). When you select the Virtual Wire object you created, the firewall automatically adds the second virtual wire interface as Interface2. Create a separate security zone for each virtual wire interface. Select Network Zones and Add a zone. Enter the Name of the zone (such as internet ).
For Location, select the virtual system where the zone applies. For Type, select Virtual Wire. Add the Interface that belongs to the zone. ( Optional) Create security policy rules to allow Layer 3 traffic across the virtual wire. To allow traffic from the user zone to the internet zone, and another to allow traffic from the internet zone to the user zone, selecting the applications you want to allow, such as BGP or OSPF.
( Optional) Enable IPv6 firewalling. If you want to be able to apply security policy rules to IPv6 traffic arriving at a virtual wire interface, enable IPv6 firewalling. Otherwise, IPv6 traffic is forwarded transparently. Select Device Setup Session and edit Session Settings. Select Enable IPv6 Firewalling.
Commit your changes. Click Commit. ( Optional) Configure an LLDP profile and apply it to the virtual wire interfaces.
Last time we saw how to deploy the Palo Alto NGFW in a tap mode, so we could verify our security policy would work. The main drawback of this mode is that we cannot interfere with a traffic in any way. We can see attacks, but we can do nothing to prevent them.
Now we want to be able to do just that. One way of doing this is placing our PA firewall in a so called Virtual Wire or V-Wire mode. Here is our topology: Let’s describe briefly our topology. We have a Hyper-V/ESXi physical host with VMs running on it. These VMs belong to VLANs 110 and 112. Originally, these VMs were accessed and were accessing resources through the trunk link to the Switch181, which was connected to some partner network, our own datacenter or Internet.
Now we want to change this topology in a way we treat these VMs as important and protect them from being accessed by other hosts. We also want to protect them from reaching unwanted Internet sites and picking up viruses, trojans or other malware. First we will disconnect our Hyper-V host from the switch and insert our PA firewall between the host and the switch by connecting the host to the ethernet1/2 port on the PA, and then connect the ethernet1/1 port on the PA to the switch. This way we placed our PA in the line and created something called “ bump in the wire“. The port on the switch is set up like this: interface GigabitEthernet0/14 description Hyper-V Host 2 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport trunk native vlan 199 switchport trunk allowed vlan 110,112 switchport mode trunk spanning-tree portfast trunk At this point no traffic can flow to and from host, because we did not set up our firewall. Let’s do that now.
First let’s notice that PA comes with one virtual wire predefined. That virtual wire is called default-vwire and includes interfaces ethernet1/1 and ethernet1/2. There are also two zones created by default trust and untrust. By default ethernet1/1 belongs to untrust zone and ethernet1/2 belongs to trust zone: Also by default we have security policy rule called rule1 which permits all traffic from trust zone to untrust: What we need to do to make our scenario happen? Not much, actually. For starters let’s create a mirror security policy rule to allow all traffic from untrust zone to trust.
This is only to verify connectivity both way. We can create policy which is more restrictive that this. After creating second rule, our policy looks like this: If we applied our configuration now, we would not have connectivity, although it might seem all was ok. This is because we inserted our PA in the middle of the trunk link. If this link was access link, this is where our traffic would start to flow. But because this is trunk link, which means that Ethernet frames are tagged with the VLAN ID, there is one additional step to be performed.
We need to change default-vwire settings so it allows tagged frames. Under Network-Virtual Wires we can see our vwire’s settings: We can see that “ Tag Allowed” column setting is default. This means that firewall allows only untagged frames. We need to change this to allow all tagged frames or only specified VLANs.
We click default-vwire and under “ Tag Allowed” we can see value of 0-4094 dimmed: Here we need to type 0-4094 to allow all VLANs or specify wanted VLANs. We are using only two VLANs, so will list only them: If we now commit our changes, traffic would flow both ways. Of course, nothing is blocked. Now we need to adjust our security policy according to our needs.
We can attach default profiles or create our own. Let’s, for example, block remote desktop connections to our protected VMs. We create a rule that blocks RDP connection from untrust zone to trust and make sure it is placed before the rule that allows anything from untrust to trust: After committing our changes, we can verify our settings by checking logs under Monitor-Logs-Traffic: We can see that the rule2 is allowing pings (as it would all other type of traffic), but the BLOCKRDPCONNECTIONS rule is blocking RDP or TCP/3389 sessions. We can further tune our security policy, such as attaching different profiles, but this is enough for demonstration purposes. See you next time with another deployment scenario.
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